Collection's Items (Sorted by Submit Date in Descending order): 721 to 740 of 743
Issue Date | Title | Author(s) |
1998 | Academic performance and drop-out in Sri Lankan universities | Kottachchi, B.D. |
1996 | The role of the upper primary school teacher in designing and using instructional strategies in environmental studies: a critical review with special reference to Sri Lanka | Premaratne, R.M. |
2001 | Industrial accumulation in Sri Lanka: impact of policy shifts | Samarawickreme, N.D. |
2001 | Determinants of household savings in Vietnam | Hoai, N.T. |
2004 | Comparative analysis of corporate strategy in tea plantations following privatisation: regional plantation companies of Sri Lanka | Feranado, R. |
2005 | The anopheles culicifacies species complex in relation to malaria transmission in Sri Lanka | Abstract
Anopheles culicifacies Giles sensu lato (Diptera: Culicidae) is the
predominant vector of malaria in Sri Lanka. Until recently, only sibling species B
was reported to be present in Sri Lanka. The conundrum was that species B was
reportedly a poor vector of malaria in India. The present study resolves this issue by
demonstrating for the first time that what was described as species B in Sri Lanka is
really a mixture of two species, viz. B and E, that are also apparently present in
Ramesbwaram island, India. Species B and E share the same polytene chromosome
configuration. However they differ in that the mitotic Y-chromosome is acrocentric
in species B and submetacentric in species E.
Differences between An. culicifacies species B and E can impact on malaria
control measures undertaken in the country. Entomological parameters of species B
and E, such as fecundity, longevity, susceptibility to infection by human malaria
parasites, and insecticide resistance, that influence vector potential and the dynamics
of malaria transmission are described here for the first time.
Egg production determines vector numbers that is in turn directly related to
the rate of spread of malaria. The fecundity of the two sibling species though
slightly higher for species E, was not significantly different in laboratory studies.
The capacity of the vector to survive long enough to support the complete
development of the malaria parasites is exponentially related to the rate of malaria
transmission. This was estimated through measuring the number of dilatations in the
ovarioles in field-caught female An. culicifacies. The results showed that species E
females have significantly greater longevity and therefore a greater potential to
spread malaria.
Susceptibility to insecticides used in malaria control influences the survival
of infected and uninfected mosquitoes thereby affecting the malaria transmission
rate. Both species B and E were completely susceptible to 0.05% lambdacyhalothrin
and 0.05% deltamethrin, while being totally resistant to 4% DDT, in standard WHO
tests. However Species B was however significantly more susceptible to malathion
than species E. The cause of the different sensitivity to malathion was not established
in the present studies, but it may reflect genetic factors and/or the greater exposure of
species E to malathion and other organophosphates used for agricultural purposes.
The study also showed that species E can support the extrinsic cycle of
Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum at least to the stage of oocyst formation in the
midgut. However none of the limited number of female species B fed on blood from
the same P. vivax or P. falciparum gametocyte carriers developed infections.
Statistical analysis showed a significant association between sibling species and the
formation of P. vivax oocysts in the midguts. The results confirm that species E can
be infected with P. vivax and P. falciparum. The vectorial capacity of species B is
low or nil in Sri Lanka, as it is also the case in India. ^-i . .
- ' A DN A based technique is needed to circumvent the thne-consuming and
labour-intensive cytogenetic technique which is the only one presently available to
distinguish An. culicifacies species B and E. For this purpose a partial sequence of
the relevant portion of the cytochrome oxidase II (COII) gene from karyotyped B
and E Sri Lankan specimens was obtained. On aligning with the sequences of Indian
species B and E that reportedly possess species-specific residues, no correlation
between the sequences of species B and E from India and Sri Lanka was found. Both
Sri Lankan species B and E shared the same sequence at 4 of the 5 reportedly
variable sites hi the Indian COIL Thus the sequence of this fragment is not useful for
distinguishing the two sibling species in Sri Lanka. Analysis of available sequence
data of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) mcluding partial sequences for the
5.8S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes also showed no sequence variation between
species B and E of Sri Lanka. Both Sri Lankan ITS2 sequences matched that
reported for Indian species E and not Indian species B. Hence other DNA-based
approaches need to be developed to distinguish species B and E in Sri Lanka.; Surendran, S.N. |
2001 | Determinants of performance of rural financial institutions in Vietnam with special reference to the Mekong Delta | Ho, D.P. |
1988 | A comparative study of the educational implications of the vinaya and the rule of St. Benedict | Peter, W.L.A |
1999 | Initial energy distributions of secondary ions in electronics sputtering | Abeywarna, U.K. |
2006 | An inquiry into early violence/agression and professional behaviours in preschool children in Sri Lanka to identify appropriate interventions by Preschool teachers | Pathirana, B.D.D. |
1989 | Access-mobility as a factor in industrial location with special reference to the Colombo urburn area and the area of authority of the greater Colombo Economic commision | Jayawardene, N. |
2001 | Essays in public finance: theory and practice of decentralisation | Herath, H.M.T.N.R. |
1988 | Non-allighment: a case study of Sri Lanka's foreign policy with special reference to 1970-1982 | Karunadasa, W.M |
1989 | Guidelines for the designing of early childhood programmes for urburn lopw income groups in the city of Colombo | Palihakkara, D.W. |
1989 | A mental health approach to counselling intervention in the school setting | Wickramaratne, V. |
1992 | Changes in Land use in the suburban areas of Colombo : 1956-1988 | Vitarana, K.M. |
2003 | Learning English in Urburn Sri Lanka | Karunaratne, I.M. |
13-Oct-2011 | Economic Valuation of Wetlands -The Case of Maduganga | Sumanadasa, M. |
2010 | Validation of Asset Pricing Models during Crisis and Non-Crisis Periods: A Comparative Analysis of Stock Markets in Sri Lanka and in the US | Dayaratne, D.A.I. |
2005 | Productivity and Impact Assesement of Natural Product Chemistry research Carried out in Sri Lanka | Yapa, C.G. |
Collection's Items (Sorted by Submit Date in Descending order): 721 to 740 of 743