A phylogenetic classification of Phyllanthaceae (Malpighiales; Euphorbiaceae sensu lato)

Abstract

A phylogenetic classification of Phyllanthaceae Martynov (Malpighiales) is presented. Phyllanthaceae are one of five segregates of Euphorbiaceae sensu lato recognised at family level by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The family contains c. 2000 species in 59 presently accepted genera, 10 tribes and two subfamilies. This new classification is based on molecular studies using DNA sequence data of nuclear PHYC and plastid atpB, matK, ndhF and rbcL in conjunction with morphological characters. The main division into two strongly supported clades is not reflected in previous classifications, although the racemose clade (Antidesmatoideae) roughly corresponds to Antidesmateae + Bischofieae + Hymenocardieae sensu Webster. The fasciculate clade (Phyllanthoideae sensu stricto) contains all remaining tribes of Phyllanthoideae sensu Webster. Composition of the tribes differs considerably from previous classifications. Tribe Jablonskieae and subtribe Keayodendrinae are newly described. Richeriella is subsumed in Flueggea and the new genus Plagiocladus is described. Phyllanthus sensu lato is monophyletic excluding Plagiocladus and including Breynia, Glochidion, Phyllanthodendron, Recherchonia and Sauropus. Descriptions of the suprageneric taxa recognized are provided.